'running too much health risks'

Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat certain types of aortic aneurysms and dissections. It is an alternative to open surgery and involves the placement of a stent graft inside the aorta to reinforce and stabilize the weakened or damaged section of the vessel. Advantages of EVAR over traditional open surgery include shorter hospital stays, reduced blood loss, faster recovery times, and lower overall morbidity and mortality rates. However, not all patients with aortic aneurysms or dissections are suitable candidates for EVAR. Factors such as the size, location, and shape of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health, are taken into consideration when determining the most appropriate treatment approach.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in patients with severe symptomatic Aortic stenosis. It is a minimally invasive procedure where the diseased Aortic Valve is changed through the catheter advanced over thigh artery via a small hole in the groin, there by negating the risks of complex surgery and anaesthesia.

A coronary angiogram is a special X-ray test. It’s done to find out if your coronary arteries are blocked or narrowed, where and by how much. An angiogram an help your doctor see if you need treatment such as angioplasty or stent, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) or medical therapy.

Echocardiography, also called an echo test or heart ultrasound,is a test that takes “moving pictures” of the heart with sound waves. An echo uses sound waves to create pictures of your heart’s chambers, valves, walls and the blood vessels (aorta, arteries, veins) attached to your heart. A probe called a transducer is passed over your chest. The probe produces sound waves that bounce off your heart and “echo” back to the probe. These waves are changed into pictures viewed on a video monitor. Your doctor may use an echo test to look at your heart’s structure and check how well your heart functions. The test helps your doctor find out: The size and shape of your heart, and the size, thickness and movement of your heart’s walls. How your heart moves. The heart’s pumping strength. If the heart valves are working correctly. If blood is leaking backwards through your heart valves (regurgitation). If the heart valves are too narrow (stenosis). If there is a tumor or infectious growth around your heart valves.

An electrocardiogram — abbreviated as EKG or ECG — is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat. With each beat, an electrical impulse (or “wave”) travels through the heart. This wave causes the muscle to squeeze and pump blood from the heart. A normal heartbeat on ECG will show the timing of the top and lower chambers. The right and left atria or upper chambers make the first wave called a “P wave" — following a flat line when the electrical impulse goes to the bottom chambers. The right and left bottom chambers or ventricles make the next wave called a “QRS complex." The final wave or “T wave” represents electrical recovery or return to a resting state for the ventricles. Why is it done? An ECG gives two major kinds of information. First, by measuring time intervals on the ECG, a doctor can determine how long the electrical wave takes to pass through the heart. Finding out how long a wave takes to travel from one part of the heart to the next shows if the electrical activity is normal or slow, fast or irregular. Second, by measuring the amount of electrical activity passing through the heart muscle, a cardiologist may be able to find out if parts of the heart are too large or are overworked.