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Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat certain types of aortic aneurysms and dissections. It is an alternative to open surgery and involves the placement of a stent graft inside the aorta to reinforce and stabilize the weakened or damaged section of the vessel. Advantages of EVAR over traditional open surgery include shorter hospital stays, reduced blood loss, faster recovery times, and lower overall morbidity and mortality rates. However, not all patients with aortic aneurysms or dissections are suitable candidates for EVAR. Factors such as the size, location, and shape of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health, are taken into consideration when determining the most appropriate treatment approach.

An electrocardiogram — abbreviated as EKG or ECG — is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat. With each beat, an electrical impulse (or “wave”) travels through the heart. This wave causes the muscle to squeeze and pump blood from the heart. A normal heartbeat on ECG will show the timing of the top and lower chambers. The right and left atria or upper chambers make the first wave called a “P wave" — following a flat line when the electrical impulse goes to the bottom chambers. The right and left bottom chambers or ventricles make the next wave called a “QRS complex." The final wave or “T wave” represents electrical recovery or return to a resting state for the ventricles. Why is it done? An ECG gives two major kinds of information. First, by measuring time intervals on the ECG, a doctor can determine how long the electrical wave takes to pass through the heart. Finding out how long a wave takes to travel from one part of the heart to the next shows if the electrical activity is normal or slow, fast or irregular. Second, by measuring the amount of electrical activity passing through the heart muscle, a cardiologist may be able to find out if parts of the heart are too large or are overworked.